What Is Cholesterol, Anyway?

Cholesterol is a waxy substance made by your liver and also found in some foods. Your body needs it to build cells and make hormones. But having too much of the wrong type can lead to health problems.

The Two Main Types: LDL and HDL

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is known as “bad” cholesterol because it can stick to the walls of your arteries. Over time, this buildup can cause blockages and lead to heart attacks or strokes.

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is called “good” cholesterol. It helps carry extra cholesterol out of your blood and back to your liver, where it gets removed from your body. Higher HDL levels are better for your heart.

Why Balance Matters

If your LDL is high and HDL is low, you have a bigger chance of heart disease. But if your HDL is high, it can help protect you by clearing out extra cholesterol.

What Can Make Bad Cholesterol Go Up?

Eating too much saturated fat (found in fatty meats, butter, cheese, and processed foods) can raise LDL levels. Being overweight, not moving enough, or smoking can also make LDL go up and HDL go down. Some people also have genes that make them produce more cholesterol.

How to Keep Cholesterol in Check

You don’t need big changes to help your cholesterol. Small steps can make a difference, like eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats from fish, nuts, or olive oil. Regular exercise — even a daily walk — helps raise HDL. Quitting smoking, if you smoke, is one of the best things you can do for your heart.

Should You Get Your Cholesterol Tested?

Yes. Experts suggest adults check cholesterol every 4 to 6 years. If you have health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease in your family, you might need tests more often. Talk to your doctor about what’s right for you.

Final Thoughts

Good cholesterol (HDL) helps keep your heart healthy by removing bad cholesterol (LDL) from your blood. Keeping them balanced can lower your risk of heart disease. With a few simple changes to what you eat and how active you are, you can help keep your cholesterol at healthy levels and take care of your heart.

Data sources: American Heart Association, Mayo Clinic.

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